The Controversy of Head Start Essay Example

The Controversy of Head Start Essay Since the time the creation and execution of the Head Start program in 1965, there has consistently been debate over the projects viability. A great part of the contention stems over oneself detailing of proof that the National Head Start Association gives, both to the legislature and to people in general, alongside the genuine effect Head Start has on the youngsters that take an interest in this questionable program. One thing is sure about the Head Start program and that will be that there will consistently be an unmistakable division between its supporters and adversaries. The fundamental objective of the Head Start program is to give poor oppressed pre-school matured youngsters basically with a head start in training. Supporters of Head Start accept that by offering these types of assistance these poor oppressed kids would better adjust to the educational system and later become effective as grown-ups. Head Start isn't just about offering instructive types of assistance; the program likewise centers around giving both mental and physical wellbeing registration and nutritious dinners to the selected understudies. Head Start can't be portrayed only as a pre-school program. Head Start really assumes the job of an extensive care group for poor oppressed kids and their families. This governmentally supported program feels the noose fixing due to plans to let singular states pick in with their own state-run head start-like projects. Supporters of Head Start accept that by permitting this a dominant part of financing that the central government gives will be redirected from Head Start to develop new state-run programs. We will compose a custom article test on The Controversy of Head Start explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Controversy of Head Start explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Controversy of Head Start explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Defenders of Head Start see this as a danger to the soundness of Head Start programs around the country. These people accept that by redirecting assets from a demonstrated program to problematic projects will leave, numerous if not every, qualified youngster stranded. The Head Start contention is comparative from multiple points of view to the Social Security situation. Do we take what we have at the present time and give it to everybody without stressing over the future or do we put resources into a demonstrated program for the advancement of things to come? This is just one of numerous inquiries that administrators should cautiously weigh before focusing on a strategy that could close the Head Start program down for good. Each program, either government or state, has its adversaries and the Head Start program is no exemption. Adversaries of Head Start accept that the data and information gave with respect to Head Start is slanted and one-sided. The case that Head Start programs advantage kids at this moment and will later profit as grown-ups is unverified. Still others accept that Head Start is a draining ulcer with zero chance of recuperation and instead of blood is losing billions of dollars consistently. Instead of leaving the running of Head Start in the possession of individual program overseers, state officials need more control through the type of state-direct subsidizing. This causes an issue for Head Start in light of the fact that past information concerning awards for different projects show that deserting by the national legislature of direct association of a program prompts the possible disintegration of subsidizing. This can be brought about by state officials slicing or occupying financing to different projects or even the all out conclusion of a program so as to adjust state spending plans. Regardless of what the result is over the contention of Head Start, there will be one clear failure and that is the youngsters that would have profited by the wide scope of administrations gave by Head Start. Alternately, state budgetary concerns ought to likewise be mulled over due to the potential effect charge increments and spending reductions would have on occupants of individual states. With everything taken into account it would not be savvy to rapidly achieve the downfall of a demonstrated youth program by changing it from head start to impasse.

The Life and Work of Gustave Courbet

The Life and Work of Gustave Courbet Courbet was conceived in Ornans, France. Ornans is a little town close to the Swiss outskirts. The Alpine lower regions cross the zone with tree filled slants and precipices transcending them. Streams additionally stream above and subterranean in the district. (Mack) 3. Note any data you had the option to discover on the guardians of the craftsman. Gustave Courbet s father, Regis Courbet, was an affluent landowner. He claimed fields and vineyards that shrouded a lot of land in the territory of Flagery, which was a town around eight miles from Ornans. Courbet s family had homes in the two towns. Regis Courbet adored the nature around his properties, and was a gregarious and creative man. Gustave s mother Sylvie was four years more established than her better half, and was the down to earth one in the family. She dealt with the family unit, yet in addition the homesteads and the vineyards. (Mack) 4. Did the craftsman have any siblings or sisters? Gustave was the main kid and the oldest of five youngsters. His sister Zoe was conceived in 1824 and was a troublesome young lady. Zelie, conceived in 1828 was slight and devout and Juliette, conceived in 1831, was progressively similar to her sibling in soul; prideful and an old maid. Gustave was storeroom to Juliette and their shared commitment was rarely broken. His sister Clarice was conceived in 1821, however passed on at 13 years old. He frequently utilized his sisters as models. (Mack) 5. What were a portion of the critical youth encounters in the early existence of the craftsman? It is noteworthy that Courbet cherished nature as a youngster. He knew each and every way, slope, and field in the region so well that he would lead open air journeys. During Courbet s time at the theological school, as indicated by his questioner, the number and sort of transgression he admitted were impressively more prominent than other offspring of a similar age. (Mack) 6. Note any data on the instruction of the craftsman. At the point when Courbet was youthful, he had all the earmarks of being a promising understudy. At twelve years old, he entered and went through six years at the theological school at Ornans. Courbet wouldn't study or participate in strict guidance. His articles were engaging to the point that the educator would spare his for last. Unique sythesis was the exemption to his poor scholarly record at the theological school. All things considered, his dad needed Gustave arranged for a calling, for example, the law. (Mack) At the point when Courbet was fourteen, Gros, an instructor from Ornans and previous understudy of the Neo-Classical painter acquainted him with painting. (Historical center dOrsay, Paris) In 1837, when Gustave was eighteen, his dad sent him to a close by school to contemplate reasoning. Gustave grumbled about everything to his folks and needed to leave, yet his dad wouldn t permit it. At last, in 1840, Gustave left school without taking any of his end of the year tests. He moved to Paris considered Spanish, Flemish and French painters all alone. Gustave s father objected, and strain developed between them. In any case, his dad kept on sending Gustave a recompense. From Paris, he returned consistently to Ornans to visit his family and to appreciate the scene that propelled a large number of his compositions. (Mack) 7. What was the craftsman s early vocation like? Was it as a craftsman or was it in another field? Aside from a short utilize or entry level position at the studio of Steuben and Hesse in Paris, none of the sources I utilized referenced Courbet accomplishing some other work other than creating craftsmanship. During his initial four or five years in Paris, he delivered numerous works of art. Courbet was tangled similarly as style and invested a large portion of the energy painting sentimental and scholarly subjects. He whined to his folks about the significant expense of creating craftsmanship, however to the extent bringing in cash all alone, he believed that would frustrate his capacity to deliver workmanship. (Mack) (This segment is worth 20 focuses.) Youthful Adult Life and Artistic Beginnings 1. Did the craftsman wed? Provided that this is true, note any data on the marriage. Courbet never wedded, however had a fancy woman with whom he had a kid in 1847. The fancy woman left with the youngster in the mid 1850s. There were numerous ladies throughout his life, however his relations with them were generally physical. (Mack) 2. Did the craftsman have youngsters? Provided that this is true, note any data on the youngsters. See question 2. 3. What were the craftsman s early encounters as a craftsman? Courbet s first works in Paris were Odalisque enlivened from a sonnet by Victor Hugo, and Lelia from a novel by George Sands. As indicated by Gerstle Mark, creator of Gustave Courbet, These early works were inflexible, wood like, and at times wistful. (Mack) He painted his lone dispatched altarpiece for the congregation of the nearby area in 1847. He didn t increase a lot of consideration until he grasped authenticity in 1849; preceding that, he depended on the accommodation of artistic creations to the Salon, where not many were acknowledged every year. (Gowing) 4. What were the noteworthy early masterpieces and how right? The primary artistic creation of Courbet s that was acknowledged to the Salon display was Self-representation with the Black Dog in 1844. Gustave is shrouded in dark holding a funnel, with a book and strolling stick close by, and he is holding his new canine; a dark spaniel. Presented on a slope or bluff, his very close structure takes up a decent piece of the canvas. He is youthful and attractive and has a prideful look all over; it would appear that he is attempting to seem shrewd. (Mack) See Highlights area, question 10, for other people. (This area is worth 20 focuses.) Verifiable Information 1. What major verifiable occasions occurred the world over during the time the craftsman was alive? Give 2 3 noteworthy chronicled occasions for every mainland. a. Europe 1) In July of 1830, there was an uprising of the white collar classes against King Charles endeavor at absolutist government. Lord Charles surrendered the seat and fled. 2) Queen Victoria took the British seat in 1837 and governed until her passing in 1901. In 1861. 3) Russian Czar Alexander II nullified serfdom in the Russian domain. This was an aftereffect of weight by dynamic gatherings in Russia. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) b. Asia 1) In 1839, the first Anglo-Afghan war started. The British needed to ensure their settlement of India. 2) Hong Xiuquan drove the Taiping Rebellion in China from 1851 through 1866. Devastated workers accepted that he was Jesus more youthful sibling, and sent as their guardian angel. c. Africa 1) In 1830, the French involved Algeria. Abd al-Qadir, drove a protection from the French occupation until he was banished in 1847. 2) In 1838, Sir James Alexander delivered a scholarly investigation of the stone artistic creations and inscriptions found all through southern Africa called An Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa: Through the Hitherto Undescribed Countries of the Great Namaquas, Boschmans, and Hill Damaras, Performed under the Auspices of Her Majestys Government and the Royal Geographic Society. He presumes that the works are pictures that mirror the life and culture of the indigenous San people groups. d. North America 1) The United States Civil War occurred somewhere in the range of 1861 and 1865. 2) The United States Indian Removal Act of 1830 was an endeavor to get Indians that lived east of the Mississippi River to surrender their property and move west. This prompted the last Trail of Tears walk whereby 18,000 Cherokee were walked out of their territory to Oklahoma; the conditions were awful to such an extent, that 4,000 kicked the bucket on the path. 3) In 1848, gold was found in the Sierra Nevada lower regions, and subsequently, in excess of 80,000 transients showed up in California. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) e. South America 1) Spanish principle finished in Central and South America in 1824 after the annihilation of the Spanish at Ayacucho, Peru. 2) In 1852, Dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas was driven from Buenos Aires. A short time later, the Argentine Federalist constitution was built up. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) Timeline (This area is worth 20 focuses.) Chronicled Information on the Style 6. What style accomplished the craftsman work in? He originally painted in the Romantic and Neoclassic style of the late 1700s and mid 1800s. Courbet s develop style was Realism. He begat the term, after his faultfinders had utilized the word derogatively about his work. Numerous individuals thought his work was excessively genuine, and discouraging. (PBS) 7. Depict the huge attributes of this style. In workmanship, Realism is related with works that show the craftsman s view of reality, and the encounters of people in the present time and place. Courbet s works of art are worried about ordinary individuals amidst regular conditions. Instead of painting from memory, he was one of the principal specialists to finish his scene works of art outside. (Plain) Authenticity centers around present day subjects and the lives of the lower classes. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) To Courbet, Realism was not flawlessness. Rather, he was unconstrained and harsh with the utilization of the paint while he depicted the inconsistencies in nature. Eyewitnesses of his craft thought he deliberately painted terrible things. He utilized his fame to compose papers about just and communist thoughts. (Gustave Courbet; The Complete Works ) 8. Name a portion of different craftsmen who worked in this style. Our course book calls attention to that Rosa Bonheur and Thomas Eakins painted in the style of Realism in the nineteenth century. As indicated by the gustavecourbet.org site, Honore Daumier and Jean-Fran ois Millet were likewise viewed as pragmatist craftsmen in the mid 1800s. (Candid) 9. Where and when did this style happen? Since the PBS site credits Courbet for first utilizing the term Realism, I would state the style, named Realism, started in France. It was around the center of the nineteenth century, during times of common distress in France, that Realism supplanted Romanticism in numerous masterpieces (PBS) The sequence Realism goes from the 1840s through the mid 1900s with Impressionism and Post-Impressionism covering from around the 1860s to 1925. (Gowing) In the mid 1800s, the pragmatist development was known as Verismo in Tuscany and Naples, Italy. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art) Timeline Features of Artistic Career 10. What were s

Choosing the Right Subject For Your Essay

Choosing the Right Subject For Your EssayAsking yourself what literary essay topics to write about can be an excellent way to create the topic of your article. It is easy to find topics out there and many of them have been discussed online for a long time. If you have some creative ideas or have read a book that has some great ideas, it is time to start compiling them into the right categories and finding them a topic. You can then take this topic and see if it fits into one of the many different categories of literary topics that can be found online.Literary essay topics are not limited to the classics that are written in the US alone. If you read fiction and non-fiction fiction as well as fiction, you will be able to find several good topics that are unique and can be used to write a great piece. This is because you can use the stories and books in these genres to make your article stand out from the rest. It can also allow you to add something new to the literary world with your o wn spin on it.It is important that when choosing a topic that you have something specific in mind. However, it is also important that you remember that you are writing about things that interest you. Don't forget that this is going to be used as a literary piece so you need to come up with topics that are interesting and do have something in common with the topic of your own work.You can find the perfect subject when you find a topic that you think is interesting, that you have not heard about before, or that you have already written about. This is especially true if you are looking for a topic that has a strong connection to your own work. If you find a topic that is not similar to anything you have written, you might want to think twice about it before you decide to move forward with the topic.Writing a literary topic also requires research. The more you know about the topic, the better your writing will be. You can gain a lot of information by reading through the main authors and how they came up with their subjects. You can also talk to them or their agent to find out the things they would have included in their writing to make it more interesting.Most literary essay topics have plenty of research behind them as well. They also need to be interesting enough to interest the reader so that they keep on reading. It might also be interesting to add some historical facts to the article to show how the history has changed over the years. By looking at different sources, you will find the topics that are perfect for your own style of writing.One of the most difficult parts of the process of choosing a literary topic is the title. You want to write an interesting title to get people to keep on reading. It is very important that you know your subject inside and out before you choose the right title.Once you find the right subject and have it covered in the research part, you can start to write the article. As you continue to write, you will be able to expand the to pic and add to it as well. Using the right subject and researching it will help you make your article be more than just a literary essay.

Segregation Seperate but Equal - 967 Words

Linda Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas advocated the need for change in America in the mid 20th century. America was a country in turmoil, after many futile efforts to make social change had failed but Linda Brown’s groundbreaking case pushed America in the right direction. At the heart of the problem was segregation. Segregation is the act of separating a certain person or faction from the main group. In America’s case segregation was practiced on minorities such as African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians. The full force of segregation was brought down on African-Americans. Segregation was based on shear hatred of blacks by white Americans. The majority of them derived their hatred for African-Americans from their†¦show more content†¦The main topic of discussion in the re-argument was whether or not segregation in schools violates the fourteenth amendment. Consequently the court did not base there final decision on how the Fourteenth Amendment should be interpreted but solely on how segregation effected colored students and if colored students were treated equally. On May 17, 1954 the Supreme Court’s unanimous decision was read: â€Å"We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other â€Å"tangible† factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does.† The Supreme Court diminished the idea of ‘separate but equal’ and showed it had no place public education. This ruling required the integration of schools all across America. It declared the segregation in public schools that existed in 21 states at the time unconstitutional. This court case was a enormous step in desegregating public schools but it would be awhile before all public schools were completely desegregated. In fact, the ruling called for desegregation of schools but it did not require desegregation by a specific date or time. In 1955 another re-argument was held t o discuss the terms of desegregation of the public schools. Ultimately the Supreme Court ordered that school boards make a â€Å"prompt and reasonable start towards fullShow MoreRelatedBrown vs. The Board of Education Essay508 Words   |  3 PagesTopeka, Kansas, placed a damaging blow to the hearts of many White segregationists. A Black family challenged the segregation policies of the Topeka school district. While living just two blocks from a local area school, Linda Brown had to travel twenty-one blocks to attend an all Black school. The NAACP saw this as excellent opportunity to challenge the Separate but Equal segregationist policies and filed the brief on behalf of the Brown family. They would argue that the Fourteenth AmendmentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words   |  4 Pagesone statement kicked of the entire civil right movement. Segregation and unfair treatment to colored people was normal to Americans. Whites felt that picking on colored was best because â€Å"they aren’t like whites.† When looking back at the American history, we shouldn’t be proud of the way things were. When the case of brown v. board of education went to the supreme court, things began to escalate. Brown v. Board agreed that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. This case was knownRead MoreBrown vs. The Board of Education Essay2362 Words   |  10 Pagesdenied to a specific group, measures must be taken to protect its educational right. In the 1950s, a courageous group of activists launched a legal attack on segregation in schools. At the head of this attack was NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall; his legal strategies would contribute greatly to the dissolution of educational segregation. According to U.S. Court Cases the segregaition among whites and blacks was a legal law established for almost sixty years in the United States. However, BrownRead MoreJim Crow Laws On The South Of The United States1557 Words   |  7 Pages Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws which enforced de jure racial segregation in the South of the United States. They represented the legitimization of anti-black racism. And it was not only a series of anti-black laws, but also a way of blacks’ miserable life. They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities of former Confederate State of America with a â€Å"separate but equal† status for African Americans. For this research paper, I want to focus on the origins and the content of JimRead MoreSexism : Female And Female Gender1203 Words   |  5 Pagescause is that males and females are segregated in school. Males and females have separate Physical Education classes and they also have separate certain sciences se perate, which leads to an understanding that the two genders are different. This segregation causes unnecessary friction between the male and female genders. After the segregation between young boys and girls, they then come to the realization that the male and female gender are different. This makes them competitive to prove that theirRead MoreElizabeth Eckford - Diary Entries Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesin favour of the Brown case!! It is so terrific for 2 reasons: 1, because it is the end of school segregation, and 2, because the Chief Justice people have finally gotten their heads screwed on and opened their eyes. They finally saw that the Board of Education and â€Å"seperate but equal† was a lie. Because seriously, even the my next door neighbor s dog knew that not even the school books were equal to the white schools books. Most of them were hand me downs from the white schools, and were out ofRead MoreMalcolm X Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X made it obvious that he believed White people and African Americans should remain divided (separate), but should be equal to each other. He told white people â€Å"wo rk in conjunction with us-each of us working among our own kind† (Document C). This shows us how Malcolm X had the idea of being separate but equal, which meant black and whites should be given equal rights and opportunities, but shouldn’t interact with each other. Martin Luther King, on the other hand, supported desegregationRead MoreStill Separate, Still Unequal1648 Words   |  7 PagesStill Separate, Still Unequal Segregation is a topic that has been discussed for decades. Segregation in schools wasnt really dealt with. The government basically disguised it and kept it away from the public. Brown V. Board of Education, Plessy V. Ferguson, and Jim Crow Laws was the cover, but it didnt solve anything. Segregation isnt just about race, its also financially. When money is involved in the situation theres a major advantage. Johnathan Kozol talks about how were still separateRead MorePlessy v. Ferguson Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesCar Act that said that all railroad companies that carried passengers must provide separate but equal services for both white and non-white passengers. (â€Å"Landmark Cases†) The penalty for sitting in a white-designated railroad car when you were not of that ethnicity was a fine of twenty-five dollars or twenty days in jail. (â€Å"Landmark Cases†) There was a doctrine passed that everything was â€Å"separate but equal.† This doctrine was false however because in almost all situations the facilities were not asRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1214 Words   |  5 Pageshabitable to begin with. With no electricity or indoor plumbing, they had to make do with what they had through the changing seasons of the year. Carter s house was the only one with electricity or plumbing and this is where Anne begins to see the segregation take place although she still does not quite understand it. While the Carter s, who are white, had electricity, the black slaves had to endure torturous nights without proper lighting. Much of what she is able to remember from the shack would be

Research Methodology And Data On Land Management Practices

CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Research Methodology In an effort to address the stated objectives, the research instruments, such as research design, methods of data collection, sampling techniques, sources of data, data analysis and interpretation, operationalization framework and data presentation will be employed in the research processes. 3.1 Research Design The study will follow a descriptive survey research design. Survey is a research technique in which data are gathered by asking questions of respondents in different ways. Descriptive survey research design provides an effective means of assessing the desired qualitative information in the given period of time. The study will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods for the†¦show more content†¦Close and open ended questions will be prepared and thus information will be collected from selected 157 samples of households from four kebeles. In this survey, the data related to household demographic characteristics, household socio-economic characteristics, issues related to land degradation, land management practices and the existing challenges to manage degraded lands and measures to be taken to improve land management practice will be obtained. In data collection process 8 surveyors will be employed. Before starting the data gathering, brief orientation will be offered to the surveyors. 3.2.1.2 Key Informant Interviews Semi structured interview would be employed because of its flexibility and ability to reduce ambiguity. Interview will be held with key informants who will be selected by using expert sampling from the development agents and woreda agricultural experts. Interview will be held with 12 development agents from each sample kebele and 4 woreda agricultural experts. 3.2.1.3 Field Observation Field observation will be conducted in each of selected 3 kebeles. Direct observation will focus on cultivated and uncultivated land, topography, vegetation cover, settlement pattern and the overall aspects of land management practices of the study area.Show MoreRelatedImpact Of The Land Administration Projects1464 Words   |  6 PagesChanges in Customary Land Administration and Building Synergy in Pluralistic Institutional Environment in Sub-Sahara Africa: Examining the Impact of the Land Administration Projects (LAP) in Ghana Research Background and Problem Plurality of institutions is a unique feature of the land administration system in Africa. This system is characterized by the operations of traditional landholding institutions that have been in existence and has been holding land time immemorial on ground of ancestry togetherRead MoreA Proposal For Making Bangladesh A Better Place Because One Touch Of Nature Makes The Whole World Kin1739 Words   |  7 PagesSolid Waste Management in Dhaka Metropolitan A Proposal for making Bangladesh a better place because one touch of nature makes the whole world kin By Kazi Raihan Ahmed Student at Minnesota State University, Mankato Table of Contents Abstract 3 Problem 3 Solution 3 Benefits 3 Introduction 3 Discussion 4 METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH 4 Situation of Solid State in Dhaka City 6 Findings 8Read MoreThe Link Between Successful Projects Outcomes And Project Management1698 Words   |  7 Pages1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The link between successful project outcomes and project management was recognised by Peters and Waterman (1982, pp. 3-28), more than 40 years ago. In the fast moving 21st Century business environment, project managers must work ever more effectively and accurately, and timely information is essential to every aspect of the project management role: planning, organisational design, gaining the ‘buy in’ of various stakeholders and being able to provideRead MoreBy a research conducted at the Registrar-Generals Department, it has been seen that far back early1200 Words   |  5 PagesBy a research conducted at the Registrar-Generals Department, it has been seen that far back early as 1800’s, the Registrar-Generals Department has been a 100% paper based environment. All transaction including registration of deeds, selling or interchanged of property, state land lease documents and site plan were solely on hardcopy. Deeds search was done by manual procedures, which me an an individual has to go through many archived books to search a specific document. From 2010 onwards, theRead MorePlanning a Solid Waste Management System1250 Words   |  5 PagesWaste Management Studies have shown that the amount of waste has been increasing dramatically due to the increase of the worldwide population. There are various types of wastes, such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, sewage waste and many more. As a result of these wastes, necessary precautions have been taken by the waste management to prevent an environmental impact, which might cause serious damage for the future generations. In the present paper, a framework for theRead MoreThe Advance Traveler Information Systems988 Words   |  4 PagesOverall Intelligent Transportation System supported with real-time and accurate data to make traveler destination/route choices a happy decision. Generally both, descriptive or prescriptive concept of pre-trip traveler information has a positive impact. It increases the traveler’s confidence to explore deeper, bargain in the new land, use freeways properly and make better informed transit choices. En-route visual data and information offer tested guidance, saves travel time, helps to avoid congestionRead MoreThe Challenges Of Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems1460 Words   |  6 Pagesover the national milk sector accounting for 80% of total milk produced and a corresponding agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 30% (FAO, 2011a). Other factors that negatively impact SDFS include: poor agronomic practices; reduced fodder and crop residue yields (; land fragmentation; declining soil fertility; increased incidences of pests and diseases; lack of capital (to aid adaptation measures); socio-cultural and religious factors; levels of infrastructural development; facilities thatRead MoreWater, Energy And Food Nexus : A T ool For Sustainable Resources Management1654 Words   |  7 PagesWater, Energy and Food nexus: A tool for Sustainable Resources Management Background: Introduce the research topic. Place the project in academic or professional context by referring to major works by others on the subject. Water is a very basic element of life: it is needed for everyday activity: domestic, industrial, agricultural and recreational. No life can flourish or even exist without water. Water is essential for all communities: primitive and developed. The higher the development level,Read MoreExploring The Cost Of Hydraulic Fracturing Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic stability. In this research project, I synthesized literature reviews and applied primary research to evaluate the potential impacts of fracking in a Colorado community. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Tres Rio Land Office (TRFO) in Dolores, Colorado is responsible for the management and stewardship of more than 664,000 acres of public land in southwestern Colorado. TRFO also administers more than 300,000 acres of federal mineral estate underlying private lands (known as split estate)Read MoreA Study On Micro Cracks Of Concrete Plastic State1291 Words   |  6 Pagesthe environment of their classes to their cooperation in research groups. I also had the chance to have my transportation courses with MIT and Stanford graduate professors. However, our Institute for Transportation Studies and Research were more accustomed to working with graduate students. To my knowledge, I was the first bachelor student to have done research under they supervision in our class and the proceeding. For a year, as research assistances of Dr. Samimi, we had weekly sessions to share

Cigarettes are Killing Us - 1489 Words

Cigarettes kill more Americans than suicide, vehicular accidents, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, ADIS, and homicides combined. Cigarettes do not support or benefit the public in a positive way. Cigarettes are filled with thousands of chemicals and are highly addictive. Cigarettes have caused numerous mental and physical problems for smokers and the people who surround them, impacting families, communities and society. Cigarettes and tobacco should become an illegal drug in North America. The negative traits of smoking outweigh the positive traits; tobacco should not be accessible to the public. â€Å"Smoking kills† these two words should be very familiar. The effects of first-hand smoke from cigarettes are pathetically publicize, barley educating†¦show more content†¦(â€Å"Nicotine and Tobacco: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia†) Users of nicotine will experience withdrawal symptoms two to three hours after the last time they smoked such as anxiety, depression, headaches, and drowsiness, difficulty sleeping, restless or frustration, making quitting this deadly drug extremely difficult. Other than nicotine there are over four thousand chemicals in cigarettes and more than sixty nine of these known chemicals are carcinogen. (â€Å"What’s in a Cigarette.†) Disgusting and extremely dangers chemicals are found in tobacco and cigarettes such as carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas that decreases the quantity of oxygen taken up by a individuals red blood cells, hydrogen cyanide, the poison used in gas chambers to kill soldiers during World War ll, cadmium, used in car batteries, butane, lighter fluid and tar, a brown and thick liquid that paralyses the cilia in the lungs. (â€Å"Whats in cigarette smoke?†) If cigarettes were not accessible to the public, the addiction would not occur and the problems the thousands of life threating chemicals found in cigarettes would end. Although tobacco and cigarettes kill 480,000 smokers per year in the United States, kill an estimated 42,000 non-smokers per year in the United States (â€Å"Fast Facts†) Cigarettes are one of the most heavily taxed product in the United States. (â€Å"RJ Reynolds†) In 2012 theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jean Kilbourne s Video, Killing Us Softly 41485 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jean Kilbourne’s video, Killing Us Softly 4, Jean expresses how advertisements have been portraying women as a sex symbol or even as just a typical housewife. She talks about how the advertisements have sold various products by not necessarily selling the product itself, but by using women or men to sell the product for them. Ad agencies have used sex and body image to create a type of selling factor for their product. These selling strategies have shaped the way society views women and how womenRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes791 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Smoking Cigarettes Should be Illegal Smoking cigarettes should be illegal due to the vast amount of annual deaths it causes. Smoking produces 10 times the amount of pollution that a diesel car exhaust would. This shows that not only are humans and animals affected by smoking, our environment is greatly damaged by the amount of pollution smoking creates. Smoking is something that people usually get addicted to, like a drug.This drug can cause many diseases such as lung cancer. Not only can itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cigarettes844 Words   |  4 PagesCigarettes have been around since the late 1800’s. Over that time, they have been perceived as this trend setting drug that will make you super cool. Their advertisements convince the buyers that they would make you more appealing to the other sex, more interesting, and a better person if you would start smoking, and that for the most part has kept up to this day. However, thankfully to awareness advertisements we have become more informed on how dangerous cigar ettes really are. 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Imperialism Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Imperialism Persuasive Essay Modern WorldExtensive European imperialism took place between 1875 and 1914. This was a time when European countries took over many parts of Africa and Asia. According to the Modern World Issues Textbook imperialism is The policy of extending ones rule over many lands. There are many views on this topic yet in my opinion Imperialism should have never taken place. As in the story King Mojimba Meets his first white man, the Africans were standing with outstretched arms when the Europeans arrived. The Africans went to meet the Europeans and welcome them as brothers, but the Europeans immediately began firing their guns when they arrived. There is no reason why the Europeans needed to take over parts of Asia and Africa when these people did nothing to give the Europeans reason to do so. Everyone has something to contribute to society but the Europeans never gave anyone but themselves a chance to contribute a single thing The Europeans never gave the Africans or Asians a time to show what they had to offer. And the Europeans certainly did have a lot to offer. They had to offer their knowledge of eating, warfare, and their general knowledge of the world around them. The Europeans looked at the Africans and Asians as worthless. This was one of the reasons the Europeans did not give these groups a chance. If there had not been the Imperialism the world would be a lot different than it is today. Asians and Africans would be much more respected and would have the same opportunities as everyone else. Even though our constitution gives all groups equal right and freedom they do not get it from the people they live with every day. There is still quite a lot of prejudice in the world. To the Social Darwinists the anti-imperialists replied by denying that the struggle for existence applied to human groups in the way it applied to plants and animals, (Hobson, 2A). Although many believe that the Imperialism should never have taken place many look at another way. The whites, outnumbered in a harsh world, had to organize themselves and hold non-whites off, (Chamberlain, 1B). In other words there were more Africans and Asians than Europeans. The Europeans felt intimidated by this and felt the need to fight back and take-over. The Europeans were a little cocky and said that they in fact were the best. Europeans felt that they were able to beat any non-Europeans at war. This is argued in their defense for Social Darwinism. The people dreamed that they would do much better if after the inferior people had die out-or had been killed off, (Chamberlain, 1A). They however did not kill off entire groups of other races. The arguments in favor of this European Imperialism stress that the white man is a superior being. Whether they argue Social Darwinism, duty or the defense of the white race- a strong hint of racism is felt. This is where these arguments falter. If the imperialistic behavior of European countries had been for the benefit of all and not derived from selfishness, perhaps it would have been justified. It was not, however, based on benevolence but rather the continual survival and prosperity of the white race. Each group, each race, has something to contribute to the total of civilization, (Hobson,2A). Additionally, imperialism and the colonization which takes place, did not square with the best avowed intentions of democracy (Hobson, 2A). There are many views on the matter. Imperialism was a very important part of our history. Many argue about whether it should have even been part of our history at all. Arguments could go on about this forever without reaching a conclusion. Imperialism in my mind should have never taken place.

Coca-Cola Essay Essay Example

Coca-Cola Essay Essay COLA-WARS Main Issue: Factors causing the decline in CSDs and Cola Sales: - Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSDs), the foundation of Coca-Cola’s brand is declining, although it still holds the highest market share in comparison to non-CSD beverages. Coca-Cola is at risk of eventually producing a negative return from its CSDs and to be outperformed by non-CSDs, non-carb beverages and bottled water within its own product line, and with its competitors if the current trends persist in the future. A combination of factors have played a role in the CSD downturn, including a significant change in consumer behaviour and perceptions, government regulations, increase in input prices, competitor innovations, financial indicators and production complexities that all contribute to Coca-Cola’s diminishing sales for which will all be examined and discussed in detail throughout the following body. In 1886, Coca-Cola was developed and its bottling network grew rapidly and reached 370 franchises by 1910. Its introduction of a carbonated soda beverage was like no other on the market where demand had a steady incline until the mid-2000s. During this period, the market entered into an economic downturn, sales declined as consumers opted for cheaper alternatives. (#) In addition to a lowered disposable income, there have been growing health concerns about CSDs and proven linkage between obesity and nutrition. The public began to view the ingredients as unnatural and unhealthy, where hazardous concerns about ingredients increase from 40% in 2004 to 53% in 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In response, initiatives to discourage purchase involved a 20% tax with the intentions to cut calorie intake from sugary drinks by up to 49% a per a day in the US and the banishment of these drinks on school premises had a negative effect on Coca-Cola’s sales and market share. Coke’s annual report identified obesity and health concerns as the number one risk factor for its business. The health conscious consumer base grew which lead to a significant shift in the market where there is an increase in non-CSDs, fruit drinks and bottled water. Consumption of CSDs maintained a steady incline from the 1970s and peaked in 2000 with 53. 0 to 46. 0 in 2009 and market share went down to 17. 0 from 20. 4 in 2000. Operations ran efficiently where its high speed production lines that was interchangeable only for productions of similar type and packages of similar size. However, with the spike in non-CSDs, production processes had to accommodate expensive modifications for the complicated alternative beverages caused. The finished goods required a smaller but specialized production process that were challenging for bottlers to make with their existing infrastructure. Bottlers became vulnerable as they were not fully participating in the new growth of the business and also being bypassed by Coke in the distribution of their non-CSDs. Also, mass merchandisers that used its size to exert pricing pressures on Coke who only wanted to negotiate marketing and shelving arrangements directly with concentrate makers which are a traditional practice of bottlers that benefited from distributing in exclusive territories. Bottlers incurred higher distribution and sales costs where cost of goods reached 90% of sales, the highest level in more than two decades. Supplier inputs and fierce competition which resulted in pricing discounts becoming the norm which had Coke struggling to maintain its market share. Consumers are now at the point of expecting sales and are less inclined to make purchases at a regular retail price which has keeps Coca-Cola’s margins. In addition, merchandisers who use its power to exert pricing pressure and substantial rebates for major accounts, such as reducing its per unit price to its franchisees to $1. 45 from $6. 20, 23% weighs heavily on Coca-Cola’s sales but it necessary to secure accounts away from its competitors. SWOT Analysis| Coca-Cola| Strengths| * Coke and Pepsi offered â€Å"direct store door† delivery, where sales people secured shelf space, stacking the products, trademark positioning and setting up point of purchase or end of aisles display. * Smaller national brands such as Shasta and Faygo distribute through food store warehouses where * The retailer is responsible for storage, transportation, merchandising and stocking shelves, thereby incurring additional cost * Cola Wars weakened small independent bottlers * Pressure to spend more on advertising, product and packaging proliferation, widespread discounting these factors resulted in higher capital requirements and lower profit margins * Retained deals with Burger King and McDonald’s (the largest national account in terms of sales) * In 2009, New Freestyle soda machine which could create dozens of different kinds of custom beverages (Restaurants had to pay a 30% premium for freestyle compared to regular fountains)| Weaknesses| * Cola Wars weakened small independent bottlers * Production difficulties with non-CSDs * Additional bottling expenses through specialized production processes * Strained relationship with bottlers| Opportunities| * Further international extensions * Product innovation * Bottler process improvement through its consolidation| Threats| * Early 2000s consumption of CSD declined * By 2009, the average American drank 46 gallons of CSDs per year, the lowest since ‘89 * Starting in the late 90s America still dr ank more CSDs, than any other beverage but consumption started to decline * **Health concerns – growing linkage between issues of obesity and nutrition * In 2005, Federal nutrition guidelines identified regular CSDs as the larger source of obesity –causing sugars in the American Diet * Schools throughout the nation banned the sales of soft drinks on their premises * Several states pushed for soda tax on sugary drinks * Government study suggested that a 20% tax could cut the calorie intake from sugary drinks by up to 49 calories a day per person in the US * Tax on sodas became the new measure * Consumers started to view high fructose corn syrup as unnatural and unhealthy * 53% of Americans were concerned that the ingredient posed a health hazard in 2010 compared to 40% in 2004 * ***Coke’s annual report identified obesity and health concerns as the number one risk factor to its business * 80% of sales from international markets-serving over 200 countries * Limited pricing controls| Weighted SKF| | Coca-Cola| Pepsi| Strength Measure| I. M| S. R| Score| S. R| Score| Image/Reputation| . 15| 10| 1. 5| 9| 1. 35| Distribution Capacity| . 25| 10| 2. 5| 10| 2. 5| Financial Resources| . 15| 8| 1. 2| 7| 1. 05| Price| . 15| 6| . 9| 6| . 9| Marketing/Advertising| . 25| 10| 2. 5| 10| 2. 5| Acquisitions/Extensions| . 05| 10| . 5| 10| . 5| Sum of I. M| 1. 00| | Weighted Overall Strength| 54| 9. 1| 52| 8. 75| 1. Image/Reputation Coca-Cola – Market survey on brand loyalty indicate that more consumers preferred Coke over Pepsi as their favorite CSD brands in 2010. * Pepsi – Redesigned its logo in 2008 with a three year rebranding plan that could cost over $1 billion to rejuvenate its image. 2. Distribution Capacity * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both have around 100 plants for nationwide distribution with the capacity to serve the entire US. 3. Financial Resources * Coca-Cola – Net Profits/Sales: 22% * Pepsi – Net Profits/Sales: 13. 8 % 4. Price * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both engage in severe price wars to retain customers as their purchasing behaviour indicates no brand loyalty where they seek cheaper alternatives in the economic downturn Mass merchandisers use its power to exert pricing pressures Substantial rebates for corporate accounts 5. Marketing/Advertising * Coca-Cola – Spent 5540 million in marketing support for its top bottlers Patented unique skirt design became an American Icon. Its marketing campaign, â€Å"Real Coca-Cola taste with zero calories† was the most successful product launch that produced double digit growth * Pepsi â€Å"Pepsi Generation† marketing campaign, which targeted the young and â€Å"young at heart. † The campaign helped Pepsi narrow Coke’s lead to a 2-to-1 margin 6. Acquisitions/Expansions * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both have formed alliances to incorporate their core competencies and expand into foreign markets

Civil Service Merit System Essays

Civil Service Merit System Essays Civil Service Merit System Essay Civil Service Merit System Essay At the beginning of the 21st century, civil service requires a qualified staff able to meet social demands and changes. To some extend, effective arrangements for governance within the civil service and between the civil services are fundamental elements of a democratic system of the government. In public administration, there are a range of changes from administrative matters in the way business is conducted in the civil service, to legislative changes that provide greater accountability and openness for the work of the civil service. Today, merit system is one of the main tools which help to ensure effective selection, promoting and appointing of staff. Merit system aims to â€Å"maintain high standards of integrity, conduct, and concern for the public interest† 1. In modern environment, the state merit system regulations, to conform with the standards, bar employees from participating in political activities except to express their views and cast their ballots as citizens. They also are to prohibit disqualification of persons from taking examinations or holding office because of political or religious opinions. State agencies are also required to prepare, adopt, install, and administer classification2 and compensation plans for all positions in the agency, such plans to be based upon investigation 1. Camoes, P. J. , Ruhil, A. What Lies Beneath: The Political Roots of State Merit Systems. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 13 (1), (2003): 27. 2. Merit System Principles. 2007. 04 June 2007 www. nhpa. org/Nine_Merit_Principles. ppt and analysis of the duties and responsibilities of each position. If the state agency wishes, its rules may provide that incumbents of positions at the time of the issuance of the standards may be given preference in the examinations to the extent of a waiver of minimum requirements of education and experience for admission to the examinations, and of retention if they receive a mere passing mark in the examination. The Department of Civil Service develops and proposes the following types of examination under the merit system: â€Å"open-competitive, promotion, transition, and continuous recruitment†. The Federal legislation underlines that vacancies are to be filled whenever practicable by promotion of a qualified permanent employee of the administrative agency upon recommendation by the agency head4. It is stated by the Board that the application of the standards will promote a career service A system of service ratings is to be maintained. Removal of permanent employees may take place only for cause, or for reasons of curtailment of work or lack of funds. In the event of removal permanent employees will have the right of appeal to an impartial body through an established procedure provided for in the merit system. According to standards developed by Career Mobile Office: â€Å"Open-competitive examinations are open to anyone who possesses the minimum qualifications as listed on the examination announcement. Promotion examinations are open to permanently appointed State employees. Transition examinations are open to permanently appointed State employees. Continuous Recruitment examinations may be either open-competitive or promotional† 5. _____________________ 3. â€Å"Employee Services’ 2007. New York State. 04 June 2007 careermobilityoffice. cs. state. ny. us/cmo/merit_system. htm 4. Dresang, Dennis L. Public Personal Management and Public Policy. (Longman. 2001) 193-194. 5. â€Å"Employee Services’ 2007. New York State. 04 June 2007 careermobilityoffice. cs. state. ny. us/cmo/merit_system. htm In many of the states, however, the general charge to set standards has resulted in plans at least for the development of a merit system of selection and in a few instances such systems have been adopted and examinations given. In some cases departments concerned see the need to establish such a system and are willing to begin, but have no money to finance examinations. The degree to which a state merit plan affecting public assistance personnel carries beyond the state staff depends upon a number of factors; the pattern is a different one for each state6. Among the determinants are the extent to which a state civil service law affects counties and cities; and to what extent and in relation to what factors state public assistance departments control local programs. Certain more or less autonomous local public assistance departments may come under a merit plan independently of the state situation if the county or municipality concerned has a local civil service commission which selects personnel in some or in all branches of local government 7. The influence of the local labor union within the relief agency, and of the more powerful parent groups behind it with which it is affiliated, has been a strong new force in advancing the spread of civil service coverage in certain jurisdictions.

12 question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

12 question - Essay Example Conversely, a staffing plan is an outline of what an organization will do to support the implementation of their choice of staffing strategy (Bechet 7). In this regard, a staffing strategy is long-term while a staffing plan is a short-term strategic plan. In addition, a staffing plan supports the implementation of a staffing strategy. The process first involves a clear understanding of my company in order to identify what drives changes in the staffing levels of the company. Thereafter, the next step will involve the identification of the factors that drive staffing needs in a company and the constraints regarding staffing. In addition, I would also define the changes in  a companys  roles and positions  before attempting to define the staffing levels. The next step will involve incorporating a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques to determine the staffing levels in the company (Bechet 89). During staffing, uncontrollable staffing actions include positions for which candidates have accepted offers, but they have not assumed their roles yet; normal retirement; and voluntary turnover. On the other hand, controllable actions include early retirement programs, termination for cause, and layoffs or reduction in force (Bechet 55). Span of control is an appropriate example of a staffing ratio. In this case, this ratio relates the required number of supervisors required for a job in relation to the amount of workers under supervision, and not in relation to the amount of work done by these supervisors (Bechet 93). For example, in a job that requires 1,000 technicians, I would apply a span of control ratio of 1 supervisor for every 20 technicians. In effect, I would require 50 supervisors for this job. The first solution within the context of the 30,000-foot approach involves explaining to the managers the importance of the new approach in achieving

Crossing Borders of the United States Term Paper

Crossing Borders of the United States - Term Paper Example Not only has the population increase, but the immigration also influenced the nation culturally, socially, and politically. The Latinos’ population growth is higher than the population growth in the blacks. That is why the Spanish language has spread all over the country. There are The Spanish language has spread nationwide, and it is the accepted language in the workplace. There are also various Asian languages spoken all over the country. There are also many bilingual and multilingual schools have been established nationwide (Wilkinson 1). 2.A. Interests and Incentives for Immigration Men move from one country to another for various complex reasons. Some of them are forced to move out of their home country due to some serious disagreement or prejudices, while the others willingly move abroad. Whatever be the reasons, the immigrants face various social, cultural and other difficulties in the new nation. Most of the migrants courageously face these difficulties mainly to recov er their present economic status, as about all of them likely to move to the more developed nations for better earnings. After globalization, the movement of the labor force has been increased. 2.B. Social status and working condition of the immigrants in the receiver countries Henry in her paper explores that immigrants in the United Nations is socially accepted depending on the international position of their home country. She cited examples that the immigrants from the Northwest European countries are always socially accepted with high status. After globalization, people from Japan are also getting high social status in the country. The social status of China is day by day growing after 1990s due to its economic and armed forces’ strength. Immigrants from the African countries are always been treated with lowest status (Henry, 1). Orrenius and Zavodny in their paper indicates that the immigrants work in more risky jobs in their workplaces that their native counterparts. Th ey found that the immigrants take on more risky ventures in more dangerous industries.  

USA and Puerto Rico Essay Example for Free

USA and Puerto Rico Essay It is a matter of fact that USA is one of the most powerful countries situated in North America, whereas Puerto Rico is only the territory of the USA, although with a status of Commonwealth. Puerto Rico is situated in the northeastern Caribbean. It is necessary to underline that the nature of political debates between USA and Puerto Rico is ongoing subject not only within two states, but also in United Nations. (Morris 1995) The USA is a constitutional republic having the oldest constitution in the world. USA government is representative democracy and operates through the congressional system specified by Constitution. The government is thus represented by three branches: legislative (Congress is made up Senate and House of Representatives), executive (the President and the Cabinet), judiciary (the Supreme Court). (Scott 1983) Puerto Rico has approximately the similar government, however, differences are evident. Puerto Rico’s government is Republican system made up of three branches as well as the USA’: legislative (Senate and House of Representatives), executive (governor), judiciary (court). The difference: executive branch in USA is president, whereas in Puerto Rico is governor. (Morris 1995) USA economic system is capitalist mixed economy presented by corporations, private firms and individuals performing macroeconomic decisions. (Scott 1983) Puerto Rico’s economy can be described as agricultural, whereas in USA the agriculture plays a minor role. USA largest economic sector is services employing three quarters of labor force. The country is rich in natural resources such as precious metals, petroleum and coal. (Scott 1983) Puerto Rico doesn’t have so strong economic potential and its main contributor is crops, especially sugar. However, the economic conditions in the country have been improved due to investments in technology, petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. (Morris 1995) In conclusion it is necessary to say that USA compared with Puerto Rico has stronger economic and political potential and more significant influence on global scale. (Morris 1995) References Morris, Nancy. (1995). Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Scott, John Anthony. (1983). The Ballad of America: The History of the United States in Song and Story. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.

Effects of Income Inequality on Quality of Healthcare Essays -- The In

Positive rights are rights that everyone is entitled to including: the right to a public education, access to public roads, and the right to health care. There are no guarantees when it comes to life, but having health insurance makes a huge difference with preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases. Of course having insurance itself is a great resource to ensure medical care and containing costs, but not all insurance programs are created equal. Insurance programs have caveats, exclusions, varying co-payments, and access to certain doctors and hospitals, which creates an ethical dilemma. Receiving the best care is subjective in most cases, but with money you can buy almost anything, including the best care. Although those living in poverty are given access to healthcare, that does not mean they receive the best or equal care as those who are wealthy. Living in a capitalist society, the richest Americans enjoy larger homes, nicer cars, better education and even health care. Even if we lived in a capitalist society where everyone had access to the same basic healthcare program, the rich would still be able to afford better care. The wealthy are able to pay more in co-payments, prescription costs, and the ability to go outside of the healthcare system in this country to seek help. When you have the disposable resources then the sky is the limit, where the poor have very limited options. They will be confined to their healthcare coverage program and do not have the luxury of seeking additional assistance. â€Å"Poor patients often receive less quality care in the hospital, have more barriers to recovery, and experience higher morbidity and mortality than do patients with higher incomes† (Dracup). The United States is ... ...ndards and practices are more uniform based on circumstance and not based on loopholes, exceptions or lack of insurance. Everyone should be given the same preventive care and be able to receive the same treatment options regardless of location, income, or age. Competition in the marketplace can be good, but there are many complexities with healthcare and many people can slip through the cracks and others can be shortchanged. Works Cited C. Wayne Sells and Robert Wm. Blum, "Morbidity and Mortality among US Adolescents: An Overview of Data and Trends," AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Vol. 86, No. 4 (April, 1996), pgs. 513-519. R. Wilkinson and K. Pickett, The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger, Bloomsbury Press, NY, 2009, in particular pages 49- 173. Income Inequalities , Health and the Garrison State by Christopher Schaefer

Main functions of GO4IT Sports Essay

* The company has a warehouse which supplies goods to shops as well as to sports teams by mail order * The company sells a wide range of sports goods in it shops this includes clothing, footwear and equipment for sports. * The shops also sell exercise equipment; however these large items are not kept in stock but are ordered from the supplier as required. * The company supplies match strips, to order, in team colours for different sports * The company supplies other team merchandise with team logo; these are supplied through a mail order service. * Sell sports trophies which can be engraved if required. * The company also supplies sports clothing in bulk to schools Different types of customers for GO4IT Sports The company’s customers include: * Schools * Sports teams for all sports such as football, rugby, tennis, athletics and golf * General customers * The shops which are supplied by the company’s warehouse Describe the functions of each section within the shops and Head Office, paying particular attention to Administration in shops and Human Resources in Head Office Functions of each section within the shops Administration * Each shop has a Branch Manager who has overall responsibility for the running of the shop. * The assistant manager and head of administration section report directly the branch manager. * The staff keeps account of the money taken through the EPOS terminals by comparing money received with EPOS records. * The administration staff produce and send correspondence from the shop as well as receiving correspondence. * Organise for a trophy to be engraved by contacting the local engraver. * Emailing weekly orders for goods to the warehouse * Producing confirmation purchase orders for goods and services * Checking invoices against goods received and work done and passing these to Head Office for payment Clothing sales * The clothing sales section has a clothing sales manager who the clothing sales staff and footwear sales staff report to. * Clothing Sales staff assist customers in choosing appropriate clothing and provide advice for those who wish to purchase clothing * The footwear sales staffs assist customers and provide advice for those who wish to purchase footwear. Equipment sales * The Equipment sales section has an Equipment sales manager. The general sales staff and specialist sales staff report to the Equipment sales manager. * The General sales staff operate the EPOS terminals, they scan the barcodes of every items during purchase and handing of receipts. * The Specialist sales staffs provide assistance and specialist advice and information for customers purchasing more advanced equipment. Functions within the Head Office * The Managing Director of GO4IT sports is responsible for all aspects of the day to day running of the business. The two directors which are: sales marketing director and the finance and administration director report to the managing director Sales and Marketing * The sales and marketing director is responsible for the mail order operation as well as advertising and promoting the business * A buying manager is responsible for locating the goods to be sold and negotiating contracts for their supply. * The buying manager ensures the right volume and type of goods are supplied at the right time to maximise profit. Finance and Administration * The Finance and Administration director is responsible for all other functions within the Head Office. This includes administration, Human Resources(HR) and finance * The Administration assistant, HR executive, chief accountant and ICT support executive report to the Finance and Administration director Finance * Keep records of all financial transactions on the head office server, including the income from sales for each shop and mail order, payments for goods purchased, payments for engraving contractors and staff wages. * Records are used to produce monthly and annual accounts for shareholders and Inland Revenue. * Generate VAT (value added tax) returns once a quarter for customs and excise. * Arrange for the amount due to be paid. Human Resource (HR) The functions of the HR Department are; * Staff recruitment and training * Place advertisements for staff * Send out and receive application forms * Organise interviews and provide contracts for successful applicants * Keeping standard personnel records on a database along with records of training courses attended by members of staff and any qualifications they obtain. * Determine what further training each staff member requires and how best to provide it * Book the member of staff on an external training course/ if many members require training organise for a trainer to deliver the course ‘in house’. Task1 Identify different types of supplier to the shops and warehouse and describe relationships between these suppliers and the departments/individuals within the company Warehouse Supplier What is supplied Who orders it How and when it is ordered Wholesaler Clothing and footwear Warehouse manager Order is made by fax once a month but can place special order by telephone if stocks of a particular item falls faster then expected Specialist manufacturers Sports equipment Buying Manager The buying manager negotiates contracts at the beginning of each season either by telephone or visit, for the supply of a certain quantity. Shops Supplier What is supplied Who orders it How and when it is ordered Local Engraver (external Contractor) Engraved Trophy Administration Assistant Administration Assistant telephones local engraver. The engraver collects the trophy from the shop with a confirmation purchase order detailing work the required. Warehouse Clothing and footwear Administration staff Branch manager hands an annotated stock list to Administration staff who e-mails warehouse Task 2 An analysis of the processes for recording sales in a shop and for mail order sales in Head Office. Shop Information Required * Product bar code or numerical code if bar code unreadable * Quantity bought * If sale is to be paid by credit card * If paying by cash the Amount to be tendered From where this is obtained and how it is captured * product code by barcode scanner * numerical code keyed in using a keypad * quantity keyed in by till operator * credit card yes/no keyed in The processing and calculations required * look up item in computer * display item name and price on screen * multiply price by quantity * if on sale, reduce total price by 50% * display total on screen * if credit card = yes, generate credit card receipt for signature The form and content of any output * on-screen / display message * paper till receipt * paper credit card receipt * Contains prices. items, sales items highlighted with words â€Å"ON SALE†, store address, time of sale, till operator name Mail Order in Head Office Information Required * Team details e.g. team name, name and address of contact person, the sport, the colour(s) and design of shirt/vest, position of logo e.g. VTL(vest top left), picture of team logo and team number * Product colour * Product quantity required * Product code * Colour code/ X is entered If a non standard colour * Size and number of colours in logo * Amount of deposit paid From where this is obtained and how it is captured * Team details from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse * Product colour from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse * Product quantity required from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse * Product code from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse * Colour code/ X is entered If a non standard colour from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse * Size and number of colours in logo from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse * Amount of deposit paid from completed order form from a mail order brochure entered onto data screen on computer using input devices such as keyboard and mouse * Team logo captured using a scanner and stand alone computer The processing and calculations required * look up item in computer * display item name and price on screen * Calculate price of embroidery by multiplying number of logos by price * multiply price by quantity * Calculate sub total if less than à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 is added for postage and packaging * Calculate and add VAT to give total price The form and content of any output * on-screen / display message * Invoice * Contains prices. items, store address, store phone and fax number, date of sale, invoice number, team contact person details, sub total, VAT, total, Less deposit, total due. Task 3 Outlining the current ICT systems used by GO4IT Sports, in particular, Finance within Head Office and Administration within a Shop Administration within a shop * Each shop has a number of Electronic Point of Sales (EPOS) terminals with barcode readers and card readers. * Telephone connection to banking system * Small Local Area Network (LAN) of three computers * Laser Printer * Branch managers computer acts as a server * Dial up modem Software used includes * Word processing * Spreadsheet applications Finance within Head Office * Number of workstations * Local are network (LAN) * Single Server * Fast laser printer * Slower laser printer * Bar code reader * ISND line Software used includes * Word processing * Spreadsheet applications * Database management software * Stock control software Task 3 Analysing the purpose and operation of the main ICT systems used for sales in each shop and the ICT systems using within the warehouse Shops * Each shop has an EPOS terminal with barcode readers and card readers. Stock data is held on dedicated server connected to the EPOS terminals. * There is also a telephone connection to the banking system for authorisation of the card payments. * The barcode reader is used to scan the barcode of each item and the product code it contains is used to look the product description and price from stock database * When items are scanned total price is calculated. This includes the VAT, the system calculates the net value of the items, and all of this is printed on the receipt. * If customer pays by cash, member of staff enters the amount tendered; the EPOS terminal calculates the change due. This is printed on receipt and given to customer * If customer wishes to pay by credit or debit card the member of staff swipes the card through the card reader. The card details are checked by the banking system and if the transaction is approved an authorisation code is transmitted to the EPOS terminal. * The authorisation Code and card details and amount debited are printed on receipt which is handed to customer to sign with card and items purchased. Warehouse * Stand alone computer * Scanner * Computer controlled embroidery machine * Workstation * Laser printer * Stock control software has separate screens for incoming and outgoing goods. * All goods have a product code which is contained in a barcode. When goods arrive in the warehouse the barcode of each product is read and the quantity entered via the keyboard. * This data is used to update stock database. * For every order picked up the staff use the barcode reader to input the product code and the keyboard to enter the quantity removed from stock. These items are deducted from stock database. Task 3 Recommending and explaining improvements/ extensions to shop systems Methods for improving stock control and the re-ordering of stock, as well as integration of systems within GO4IT sports. * A dedicated server could be used instead of the branch manager’s computer acting as a server, if the branch manager’s computer crashes then that would leave the other computers stranded without a printer and no access to the internet. * ISDN connection would improve communication giving workers a faster connection to send e-mails internally. Dial up connections are not as reliable and are slower so information being sent will be limited due to connection speed of dial up. * There should be a centralised database put into place. This is where all the company’s data is held in one place and the computers in the company are networked. This central database can be used by anyone within the company provided they have been given access through a password. This will be a very resourceful way of storing company data, as it will prevent the problem of data duplication. * Sales based ordering where automatic re-ordering takes place of goods from the warehouse using the sales information from the checkouts. * To increase the efficiency of communication between the supplier and GO4IT sports I would recommend the introduction of EDI (electronic data interchange); the system is similar to email and allows users to exchange invoices, delivery notes, orders and receipts over the telephone network. Security * Log in pages requiring a specific unique user name requiring a private password to track who logs on and off to restrict users Possible problems for suggested improvements * One of the problems that may arise is the finance to cover the costs for the installation of the systems in place. * Also addition of new feature will mean that staff are not familiar with it and training for staff will be required. Benefits of using new technology EDI Advantages * It is much faster, as work does not have to be printed, it is on the screen * The EDI system is easy to use and work can be sent off very easily * Information can be sent to other companies, in less then a few minutes instead of days. * The company can be linked up with their bank, suppliers and customers. * Will minimize the amount of paperwork and business can be transacted much faster and more efficiently then is possible through the normal post. Disadvantages * For EDI, computers are relied on, therefore if the systems go down; it will have a huge of affect on the company. * It is very costly for the installation of EDI * The organization has to research into which system would be best for the company Ecommerce Advantages * Majority of the work of GO4IT sports can be done just through the internet, making it much easier. * This would means a lot less people will have to be employed this will result in huge savings for the company as most transaction will be electronic. * Currently GO4IT sports uses a lot of time to get into contact with suppliers by using the telephone, which can be tedious due to the telephone being engaged; by using e-commerce orders could be automatically electronically sent straight to the suppliers. * Team contacts currently have to post the payment to the company, which is very time consuming and not very secure and with using ecommerce an electronic funds transfer could be made. * Promotion of the company can be improved as it is all online presentation of online advertising can be enhanced. * This will also enable the company to advertise their products online and also allow customers to purchase the products directly from the site using their debit/credit card. They can place the desired items in the virtual shopping trolley. The company can be fully based on the internet, making it easier for the company and also for customers. Disadvantages * A close relationship between the retailer and supplier is required in order for the system to work * Returning products online will prove to be difficult. The customer may be put off when these areas are taken into account. As the customer will question how to send the goods back to their source? Who pays for the return postage? Will the refund be paid? Will I be left with nothing? How long will it take? Compared to offline experience of returning goods to a shop and it is frustrating for the customer. * Privacy, security, payment, identity, contract. Many issues arise – privacy of information, security of that information and payment details, whether or not payment details (eg credit card details) will be misused, identity theft, contract, and, whether we have one or not, what laws and legal jurisdiction apply. MIS(management information systems) For the Buying Manager I would recommend the following improvements: * MIS could produce an analysis of patterns of sales in the company * MIS would be able to identify peak production needs * What if type questions could be applied to different patterns of sales The features of the MIS system that could be used by the branch manager are: * Production costs can be based on raw material costs * MIS could be used to carry out analysis automatically * Results could be displayed in graphs which are easy to understand * Monthly graphs could be produced of price comparison with competitor’s goods or services resulting from regular market research. * Planning, directing, controlling and forecasting decisions. Both managers would benefit from the following points of the MIS system: * Warnings could be set if production costs exceed budget. * Warnings could be set if stocks fall below fixed level.

Throughput Accounting Free Essay Example, 1750 words

And, the understanding and subsequent elevation of the system’s constraints will enhance the performance of the system. Within the above mentioned context, throughput accounting has become an important development in the modern conventions of accounting allowing management accountants to comprehend the significance and contribution of the constrained resources to aggregate profitability. The concept of throughput accounting does not largely focus on the efficiencies and performance based on the efficiencies instead it takes into account the different types of constraints which can be in the shape of time constraints and policy constraints. Steps involved in throughput accounting Goldratt (1990) contends that the working principles of throughput accounting or theory of constraints extend a focus to a continuous improvement process and this principle is comprised of five focusing steps as elaborated below: (1) Identify the system’s constraint(s): Constraints may be relating to physical (e. g. machines, people, materials, demand level) or managerial (Rahman, 1998, p. 338). Generally, organizations have limited physical constraints but face numerous managerial constraints in the form of procedures, policies, methods and rules. In this regard, Goldratt (1993) devised a technique called a Current Reality Tree for identifying policy constraints. We will write a custom essay sample on Throughput Accounting or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Moreover, non-constraint resources comprise of productive capacity (capacity supporting the constraint throughput) and the idle capacity (capacity to safeguard against system disruptions and capacity not currently required) (Lockamy and Cox, 1994).