Choosing the Right Subject For Your Essay

Choosing the Right Subject For Your EssayAsking yourself what literary essay topics to write about can be an excellent way to create the topic of your article. It is easy to find topics out there and many of them have been discussed online for a long time. If you have some creative ideas or have read a book that has some great ideas, it is time to start compiling them into the right categories and finding them a topic. You can then take this topic and see if it fits into one of the many different categories of literary topics that can be found online.Literary essay topics are not limited to the classics that are written in the US alone. If you read fiction and non-fiction fiction as well as fiction, you will be able to find several good topics that are unique and can be used to write a great piece. This is because you can use the stories and books in these genres to make your article stand out from the rest. It can also allow you to add something new to the literary world with your o wn spin on it.It is important that when choosing a topic that you have something specific in mind. However, it is also important that you remember that you are writing about things that interest you. Don't forget that this is going to be used as a literary piece so you need to come up with topics that are interesting and do have something in common with the topic of your own work.You can find the perfect subject when you find a topic that you think is interesting, that you have not heard about before, or that you have already written about. This is especially true if you are looking for a topic that has a strong connection to your own work. If you find a topic that is not similar to anything you have written, you might want to think twice about it before you decide to move forward with the topic.Writing a literary topic also requires research. The more you know about the topic, the better your writing will be. You can gain a lot of information by reading through the main authors and how they came up with their subjects. You can also talk to them or their agent to find out the things they would have included in their writing to make it more interesting.Most literary essay topics have plenty of research behind them as well. They also need to be interesting enough to interest the reader so that they keep on reading. It might also be interesting to add some historical facts to the article to show how the history has changed over the years. By looking at different sources, you will find the topics that are perfect for your own style of writing.One of the most difficult parts of the process of choosing a literary topic is the title. You want to write an interesting title to get people to keep on reading. It is very important that you know your subject inside and out before you choose the right title.Once you find the right subject and have it covered in the research part, you can start to write the article. As you continue to write, you will be able to expand the to pic and add to it as well. Using the right subject and researching it will help you make your article be more than just a literary essay.

Segregation Seperate but Equal - 967 Words

Linda Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas advocated the need for change in America in the mid 20th century. America was a country in turmoil, after many futile efforts to make social change had failed but Linda Brown’s groundbreaking case pushed America in the right direction. At the heart of the problem was segregation. Segregation is the act of separating a certain person or faction from the main group. In America’s case segregation was practiced on minorities such as African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians. The full force of segregation was brought down on African-Americans. Segregation was based on shear hatred of blacks by white Americans. The majority of them derived their hatred for African-Americans from their†¦show more content†¦The main topic of discussion in the re-argument was whether or not segregation in schools violates the fourteenth amendment. Consequently the court did not base there final decision on how the Fourteenth Amendment should be interpreted but solely on how segregation effected colored students and if colored students were treated equally. On May 17, 1954 the Supreme Court’s unanimous decision was read: â€Å"We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other â€Å"tangible† factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does.† The Supreme Court diminished the idea of ‘separate but equal’ and showed it had no place public education. This ruling required the integration of schools all across America. It declared the segregation in public schools that existed in 21 states at the time unconstitutional. This court case was a enormous step in desegregating public schools but it would be awhile before all public schools were completely desegregated. In fact, the ruling called for desegregation of schools but it did not require desegregation by a specific date or time. In 1955 another re-argument was held t o discuss the terms of desegregation of the public schools. Ultimately the Supreme Court ordered that school boards make a â€Å"prompt and reasonable start towards fullShow MoreRelatedBrown vs. The Board of Education Essay508 Words   |  3 PagesTopeka, Kansas, placed a damaging blow to the hearts of many White segregationists. A Black family challenged the segregation policies of the Topeka school district. While living just two blocks from a local area school, Linda Brown had to travel twenty-one blocks to attend an all Black school. The NAACP saw this as excellent opportunity to challenge the Separate but Equal segregationist policies and filed the brief on behalf of the Brown family. They would argue that the Fourteenth AmendmentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words   |  4 Pagesone statement kicked of the entire civil right movement. Segregation and unfair treatment to colored people was normal to Americans. Whites felt that picking on colored was best because â€Å"they aren’t like whites.† When looking back at the American history, we shouldn’t be proud of the way things were. When the case of brown v. board of education went to the supreme court, things began to escalate. Brown v. Board agreed that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. This case was knownRead MoreBrown vs. The Board of Education Essay2362 Words   |  10 Pagesdenied to a specific group, measures must be taken to protect its educational right. In the 1950s, a courageous group of activists launched a legal attack on segregation in schools. At the head of this attack was NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall; his legal strategies would contribute greatly to the dissolution of educational segregation. According to U.S. Court Cases the segregaition among whites and blacks was a legal law established for almost sixty years in the United States. However, BrownRead MoreJim Crow Laws On The South Of The United States1557 Words   |  7 Pages Jim Crow Laws were state and local laws which enforced de jure racial segregation in the South of the United States. They represented the legitimization of anti-black racism. And it was not only a series of anti-black laws, but also a way of blacks’ miserable life. They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities of former Confederate State of America with a â€Å"separate but equal† status for African Americans. For this research paper, I want to focus on the origins and the content of JimRead MoreSexism : Female And Female Gender1203 Words   |  5 Pagescause is that males and females are segregated in school. Males and females have separate Physical Education classes and they also have separate certain sciences se perate, which leads to an understanding that the two genders are different. This segregation causes unnecessary friction between the male and female genders. After the segregation between young boys and girls, they then come to the realization that the male and female gender are different. This makes them competitive to prove that theirRead MoreElizabeth Eckford - Diary Entries Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesin favour of the Brown case!! It is so terrific for 2 reasons: 1, because it is the end of school segregation, and 2, because the Chief Justice people have finally gotten their heads screwed on and opened their eyes. They finally saw that the Board of Education and â€Å"seperate but equal† was a lie. Because seriously, even the my next door neighbor s dog knew that not even the school books were equal to the white schools books. Most of them were hand me downs from the white schools, and were out ofRead MoreMalcolm X Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X made it obvious that he believed White people and African Americans should remain divided (separate), but should be equal to each other. He told white people â€Å"wo rk in conjunction with us-each of us working among our own kind† (Document C). This shows us how Malcolm X had the idea of being separate but equal, which meant black and whites should be given equal rights and opportunities, but shouldn’t interact with each other. Martin Luther King, on the other hand, supported desegregationRead MoreStill Separate, Still Unequal1648 Words   |  7 PagesStill Separate, Still Unequal Segregation is a topic that has been discussed for decades. Segregation in schools wasnt really dealt with. The government basically disguised it and kept it away from the public. Brown V. Board of Education, Plessy V. Ferguson, and Jim Crow Laws was the cover, but it didnt solve anything. Segregation isnt just about race, its also financially. When money is involved in the situation theres a major advantage. Johnathan Kozol talks about how were still separateRead MorePlessy v. Ferguson Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesCar Act that said that all railroad companies that carried passengers must provide separate but equal services for both white and non-white passengers. (â€Å"Landmark Cases†) The penalty for sitting in a white-designated railroad car when you were not of that ethnicity was a fine of twenty-five dollars or twenty days in jail. (â€Å"Landmark Cases†) There was a doctrine passed that everything was â€Å"separate but equal.† This doctrine was false however because in almost all situations the facilities were not asRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1214 Words   |  5 Pageshabitable to begin with. With no electricity or indoor plumbing, they had to make do with what they had through the changing seasons of the year. Carter s house was the only one with electricity or plumbing and this is where Anne begins to see the segregation take place although she still does not quite understand it. While the Carter s, who are white, had electricity, the black slaves had to endure torturous nights without proper lighting. Much of what she is able to remember from the shack would be

Research Methodology And Data On Land Management Practices

CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Research Methodology In an effort to address the stated objectives, the research instruments, such as research design, methods of data collection, sampling techniques, sources of data, data analysis and interpretation, operationalization framework and data presentation will be employed in the research processes. 3.1 Research Design The study will follow a descriptive survey research design. Survey is a research technique in which data are gathered by asking questions of respondents in different ways. Descriptive survey research design provides an effective means of assessing the desired qualitative information in the given period of time. The study will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods for the†¦show more content†¦Close and open ended questions will be prepared and thus information will be collected from selected 157 samples of households from four kebeles. In this survey, the data related to household demographic characteristics, household socio-economic characteristics, issues related to land degradation, land management practices and the existing challenges to manage degraded lands and measures to be taken to improve land management practice will be obtained. In data collection process 8 surveyors will be employed. Before starting the data gathering, brief orientation will be offered to the surveyors. 3.2.1.2 Key Informant Interviews Semi structured interview would be employed because of its flexibility and ability to reduce ambiguity. Interview will be held with key informants who will be selected by using expert sampling from the development agents and woreda agricultural experts. Interview will be held with 12 development agents from each sample kebele and 4 woreda agricultural experts. 3.2.1.3 Field Observation Field observation will be conducted in each of selected 3 kebeles. Direct observation will focus on cultivated and uncultivated land, topography, vegetation cover, settlement pattern and the overall aspects of land management practices of the study area.Show MoreRelatedImpact Of The Land Administration Projects1464 Words   |  6 PagesChanges in Customary Land Administration and Building Synergy in Pluralistic Institutional Environment in Sub-Sahara Africa: Examining the Impact of the Land Administration Projects (LAP) in Ghana Research Background and Problem Plurality of institutions is a unique feature of the land administration system in Africa. This system is characterized by the operations of traditional landholding institutions that have been in existence and has been holding land time immemorial on ground of ancestry togetherRead MoreA Proposal For Making Bangladesh A Better Place Because One Touch Of Nature Makes The Whole World Kin1739 Words   |  7 PagesSolid Waste Management in Dhaka Metropolitan A Proposal for making Bangladesh a better place because one touch of nature makes the whole world kin By Kazi Raihan Ahmed Student at Minnesota State University, Mankato Table of Contents Abstract 3 Problem 3 Solution 3 Benefits 3 Introduction 3 Discussion 4 METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH 4 Situation of Solid State in Dhaka City 6 Findings 8Read MoreThe Link Between Successful Projects Outcomes And Project Management1698 Words   |  7 Pages1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The link between successful project outcomes and project management was recognised by Peters and Waterman (1982, pp. 3-28), more than 40 years ago. In the fast moving 21st Century business environment, project managers must work ever more effectively and accurately, and timely information is essential to every aspect of the project management role: planning, organisational design, gaining the ‘buy in’ of various stakeholders and being able to provideRead MoreBy a research conducted at the Registrar-Generals Department, it has been seen that far back early1200 Words   |  5 PagesBy a research conducted at the Registrar-Generals Department, it has been seen that far back early as 1800’s, the Registrar-Generals Department has been a 100% paper based environment. All transaction including registration of deeds, selling or interchanged of property, state land lease documents and site plan were solely on hardcopy. Deeds search was done by manual procedures, which me an an individual has to go through many archived books to search a specific document. From 2010 onwards, theRead MorePlanning a Solid Waste Management System1250 Words   |  5 PagesWaste Management Studies have shown that the amount of waste has been increasing dramatically due to the increase of the worldwide population. There are various types of wastes, such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, sewage waste and many more. As a result of these wastes, necessary precautions have been taken by the waste management to prevent an environmental impact, which might cause serious damage for the future generations. In the present paper, a framework for theRead MoreThe Advance Traveler Information Systems988 Words   |  4 PagesOverall Intelligent Transportation System supported with real-time and accurate data to make traveler destination/route choices a happy decision. Generally both, descriptive or prescriptive concept of pre-trip traveler information has a positive impact. It increases the traveler’s confidence to explore deeper, bargain in the new land, use freeways properly and make better informed transit choices. En-route visual data and information offer tested guidance, saves travel time, helps to avoid congestionRead MoreThe Challenges Of Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems1460 Words   |  6 Pagesover the national milk sector accounting for 80% of total milk produced and a corresponding agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 30% (FAO, 2011a). Other factors that negatively impact SDFS include: poor agronomic practices; reduced fodder and crop residue yields (; land fragmentation; declining soil fertility; increased incidences of pests and diseases; lack of capital (to aid adaptation measures); socio-cultural and religious factors; levels of infrastructural development; facilities thatRead MoreWater, Energy And Food Nexus : A T ool For Sustainable Resources Management1654 Words   |  7 PagesWater, Energy and Food nexus: A tool for Sustainable Resources Management Background: Introduce the research topic. Place the project in academic or professional context by referring to major works by others on the subject. Water is a very basic element of life: it is needed for everyday activity: domestic, industrial, agricultural and recreational. No life can flourish or even exist without water. Water is essential for all communities: primitive and developed. The higher the development level,Read MoreExploring The Cost Of Hydraulic Fracturing Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic stability. In this research project, I synthesized literature reviews and applied primary research to evaluate the potential impacts of fracking in a Colorado community. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Tres Rio Land Office (TRFO) in Dolores, Colorado is responsible for the management and stewardship of more than 664,000 acres of public land in southwestern Colorado. TRFO also administers more than 300,000 acres of federal mineral estate underlying private lands (known as split estate)Read MoreA Study On Micro Cracks Of Concrete Plastic State1291 Words   |  6 Pagesthe environment of their classes to their cooperation in research groups. I also had the chance to have my transportation courses with MIT and Stanford graduate professors. However, our Institute for Transportation Studies and Research were more accustomed to working with graduate students. To my knowledge, I was the first bachelor student to have done research under they supervision in our class and the proceeding. For a year, as research assistances of Dr. Samimi, we had weekly sessions to share

Cigarettes are Killing Us - 1489 Words

Cigarettes kill more Americans than suicide, vehicular accidents, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, ADIS, and homicides combined. Cigarettes do not support or benefit the public in a positive way. Cigarettes are filled with thousands of chemicals and are highly addictive. Cigarettes have caused numerous mental and physical problems for smokers and the people who surround them, impacting families, communities and society. Cigarettes and tobacco should become an illegal drug in North America. The negative traits of smoking outweigh the positive traits; tobacco should not be accessible to the public. â€Å"Smoking kills† these two words should be very familiar. The effects of first-hand smoke from cigarettes are pathetically publicize, barley educating†¦show more content†¦(â€Å"Nicotine and Tobacco: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia†) Users of nicotine will experience withdrawal symptoms two to three hours after the last time they smoked such as anxiety, depression, headaches, and drowsiness, difficulty sleeping, restless or frustration, making quitting this deadly drug extremely difficult. Other than nicotine there are over four thousand chemicals in cigarettes and more than sixty nine of these known chemicals are carcinogen. (â€Å"What’s in a Cigarette.†) Disgusting and extremely dangers chemicals are found in tobacco and cigarettes such as carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas that decreases the quantity of oxygen taken up by a individuals red blood cells, hydrogen cyanide, the poison used in gas chambers to kill soldiers during World War ll, cadmium, used in car batteries, butane, lighter fluid and tar, a brown and thick liquid that paralyses the cilia in the lungs. (â€Å"Whats in cigarette smoke?†) If cigarettes were not accessible to the public, the addiction would not occur and the problems the thousands of life threating chemicals found in cigarettes would end. Although tobacco and cigarettes kill 480,000 smokers per year in the United States, kill an estimated 42,000 non-smokers per year in the United States (â€Å"Fast Facts†) Cigarettes are one of the most heavily taxed product in the United States. (â€Å"RJ Reynolds†) In 2012 theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jean Kilbourne s Video, Killing Us Softly 41485 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jean Kilbourne’s video, Killing Us Softly 4, Jean expresses how advertisements have been portraying women as a sex symbol or even as just a typical housewife. She talks about how the advertisements have sold various products by not necessarily selling the product itself, but by using women or men to sell the product for them. Ad agencies have used sex and body image to create a type of selling factor for their product. These selling strategies have shaped the way society views women and how womenRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes791 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Smoking Cigarettes Should be Illegal Smoking cigarettes should be illegal due to the vast amount of annual deaths it causes. Smoking produces 10 times the amount of pollution that a diesel car exhaust would. This shows that not only are humans and animals affected by smoking, our environment is greatly damaged by the amount of pollution smoking creates. Smoking is something that people usually get addicted to, like a drug.This drug can cause many diseases such as lung cancer. Not only can itRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cigarettes844 Words   |  4 PagesCigarettes have been around since the late 1800’s. Over that time, they have been perceived as this trend setting drug that will make you super cool. Their advertisements convince the buyers that they would make you more appealing to the other sex, more interesting, and a better person if you would start smoking, and that for the most part has kept up to this day. However, thankfully to awareness advertisements we have become more informed on how dangerous cigar ettes really are. We now know whatRead MoreShould Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?899 Words   |  4 Pages Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Should cigarette smoking be banned for everyone in the United States? Smoking tobacco products have been around for decades and in many different forms. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deathsRead MoreThe Anti Smoking Campaign Is Too Late1367 Words   |  6 PagesAs of 2013, about 17.8% of Americans smoke cigarettes, subjecting themselves to lung cancer and other fatal diseases. This image is an ad from a Neuroscience blog covering the topic of anti-smoking ads and campaigns. The purpose of this ad is to emphasize the importance of quitting smoking before it is too late. The anti-smoking campaign has a targeted audience of smokers and the loved ones of those who smoke. This ad effectively persuades smokers to giv e up smoking by the use of simplicity in organizationRead MoreThe Most Difficult Challenge My Generation Will Face Is Pollution851 Words   |  4 Pageshas a job and a role to play in this world, but due to pollution and the disturbance it causes the balance of nature has now shifted. Over the past couple of decades, pollution has become an epidemic problem. The catastrophic impact it has on us is so severe that it even affects our water and air, the two most essential elements on which all life depends upon. Water is one of the most essential things humans need to survive. 75% of the human body is made of water and 70% of the earthRead MoreSmoking Be Banned831 Words   |  4 Pagesand also people’s money. Some people can leave without food, but they can not live without cigarette or other source of smoke. And this can lead them to death. I had an uncle whose name was Pravin. He was 30 years old, tall, dark guy. He used to smoke almost full pack of cigarette per day. Whenever we tell him that, uncle cigarette is bad for you. Lots of people have died because of smoking, he used to tell us that nothing is going to happen to me. I am not going to die because of just smoking. WeRead MoreThe Tobacco Industry: Profiting From Death1091 Words   |  5 Pagesis a product that kills justified in the market? This product is not only addictive, but also highly threatening to the lives of its users. The majority of users do not realize it, but in reality they are paying for their own funeral. Tobacco and cigarette companies continue to feed lies to the public through their marketing strategies and product makeup. Hidden documents containing information on the toxicity and pharmacological properties of nicotine were put into protected categories and even shippedRead MoreTobacco And Its Effect On The Nervous System1022 Words    |  5 Pages Tobacco is simply an agricultural crop, which is used abundantly in making cigarettes. It is a green plant that is commonly found in warm climates, and it was first grown in 1612 in Virginia as a â€Å"profit crop† for them. Tobacco was used a cash crop for the Virginians, and thats were the origins of such an industry can be accredited to. Since then, Virginia’s economy as well agriculture has been heavily influenced by tobacco. Nicotine is the main ingredient in tobacco, which is found in moreRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes Should Not Be Legal Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing out there for the public to do, there are activities you could be doing and having an exciting moment of your life instead of smoking. Everyone thinks about the smell of a cigarette and the appearance of a smoker and think â€Å"Hey, there s a bum right there,† but they do not know about the true nature of cigarettes and smoking. Smoking may be considered a ‘hobby’ to someone who smokes yet most people do not know is the dark side to smoking. A ban on smoking will make a huge impact if it were

Imperialism Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Imperialism Persuasive Essay Modern WorldExtensive European imperialism took place between 1875 and 1914. This was a time when European countries took over many parts of Africa and Asia. According to the Modern World Issues Textbook imperialism is The policy of extending ones rule over many lands. There are many views on this topic yet in my opinion Imperialism should have never taken place. As in the story King Mojimba Meets his first white man, the Africans were standing with outstretched arms when the Europeans arrived. The Africans went to meet the Europeans and welcome them as brothers, but the Europeans immediately began firing their guns when they arrived. There is no reason why the Europeans needed to take over parts of Asia and Africa when these people did nothing to give the Europeans reason to do so. Everyone has something to contribute to society but the Europeans never gave anyone but themselves a chance to contribute a single thing The Europeans never gave the Africans or Asians a time to show what they had to offer. And the Europeans certainly did have a lot to offer. They had to offer their knowledge of eating, warfare, and their general knowledge of the world around them. The Europeans looked at the Africans and Asians as worthless. This was one of the reasons the Europeans did not give these groups a chance. If there had not been the Imperialism the world would be a lot different than it is today. Asians and Africans would be much more respected and would have the same opportunities as everyone else. Even though our constitution gives all groups equal right and freedom they do not get it from the people they live with every day. There is still quite a lot of prejudice in the world. To the Social Darwinists the anti-imperialists replied by denying that the struggle for existence applied to human groups in the way it applied to plants and animals, (Hobson, 2A). Although many believe that the Imperialism should never have taken place many look at another way. The whites, outnumbered in a harsh world, had to organize themselves and hold non-whites off, (Chamberlain, 1B). In other words there were more Africans and Asians than Europeans. The Europeans felt intimidated by this and felt the need to fight back and take-over. The Europeans were a little cocky and said that they in fact were the best. Europeans felt that they were able to beat any non-Europeans at war. This is argued in their defense for Social Darwinism. The people dreamed that they would do much better if after the inferior people had die out-or had been killed off, (Chamberlain, 1A). They however did not kill off entire groups of other races. The arguments in favor of this European Imperialism stress that the white man is a superior being. Whether they argue Social Darwinism, duty or the defense of the white race- a strong hint of racism is felt. This is where these arguments falter. If the imperialistic behavior of European countries had been for the benefit of all and not derived from selfishness, perhaps it would have been justified. It was not, however, based on benevolence but rather the continual survival and prosperity of the white race. Each group, each race, has something to contribute to the total of civilization, (Hobson,2A). Additionally, imperialism and the colonization which takes place, did not square with the best avowed intentions of democracy (Hobson, 2A). There are many views on the matter. Imperialism was a very important part of our history. Many argue about whether it should have even been part of our history at all. Arguments could go on about this forever without reaching a conclusion. Imperialism in my mind should have never taken place.

Coca-Cola Essay Essay Example

Coca-Cola Essay Essay COLA-WARS Main Issue: Factors causing the decline in CSDs and Cola Sales: - Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSDs), the foundation of Coca-Cola’s brand is declining, although it still holds the highest market share in comparison to non-CSD beverages. Coca-Cola is at risk of eventually producing a negative return from its CSDs and to be outperformed by non-CSDs, non-carb beverages and bottled water within its own product line, and with its competitors if the current trends persist in the future. A combination of factors have played a role in the CSD downturn, including a significant change in consumer behaviour and perceptions, government regulations, increase in input prices, competitor innovations, financial indicators and production complexities that all contribute to Coca-Cola’s diminishing sales for which will all be examined and discussed in detail throughout the following body. In 1886, Coca-Cola was developed and its bottling network grew rapidly and reached 370 franchises by 1910. Its introduction of a carbonated soda beverage was like no other on the market where demand had a steady incline until the mid-2000s. During this period, the market entered into an economic downturn, sales declined as consumers opted for cheaper alternatives. (#) In addition to a lowered disposable income, there have been growing health concerns about CSDs and proven linkage between obesity and nutrition. The public began to view the ingredients as unnatural and unhealthy, where hazardous concerns about ingredients increase from 40% in 2004 to 53% in 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In response, initiatives to discourage purchase involved a 20% tax with the intentions to cut calorie intake from sugary drinks by up to 49% a per a day in the US and the banishment of these drinks on school premises had a negative effect on Coca-Cola’s sales and market share. Coke’s annual report identified obesity and health concerns as the number one risk factor for its business. The health conscious consumer base grew which lead to a significant shift in the market where there is an increase in non-CSDs, fruit drinks and bottled water. Consumption of CSDs maintained a steady incline from the 1970s and peaked in 2000 with 53. 0 to 46. 0 in 2009 and market share went down to 17. 0 from 20. 4 in 2000. Operations ran efficiently where its high speed production lines that was interchangeable only for productions of similar type and packages of similar size. However, with the spike in non-CSDs, production processes had to accommodate expensive modifications for the complicated alternative beverages caused. The finished goods required a smaller but specialized production process that were challenging for bottlers to make with their existing infrastructure. Bottlers became vulnerable as they were not fully participating in the new growth of the business and also being bypassed by Coke in the distribution of their non-CSDs. Also, mass merchandisers that used its size to exert pricing pressures on Coke who only wanted to negotiate marketing and shelving arrangements directly with concentrate makers which are a traditional practice of bottlers that benefited from distributing in exclusive territories. Bottlers incurred higher distribution and sales costs where cost of goods reached 90% of sales, the highest level in more than two decades. Supplier inputs and fierce competition which resulted in pricing discounts becoming the norm which had Coke struggling to maintain its market share. Consumers are now at the point of expecting sales and are less inclined to make purchases at a regular retail price which has keeps Coca-Cola’s margins. In addition, merchandisers who use its power to exert pricing pressure and substantial rebates for major accounts, such as reducing its per unit price to its franchisees to $1. 45 from $6. 20, 23% weighs heavily on Coca-Cola’s sales but it necessary to secure accounts away from its competitors. SWOT Analysis| Coca-Cola| Strengths| * Coke and Pepsi offered â€Å"direct store door† delivery, where sales people secured shelf space, stacking the products, trademark positioning and setting up point of purchase or end of aisles display. * Smaller national brands such as Shasta and Faygo distribute through food store warehouses where * The retailer is responsible for storage, transportation, merchandising and stocking shelves, thereby incurring additional cost * Cola Wars weakened small independent bottlers * Pressure to spend more on advertising, product and packaging proliferation, widespread discounting these factors resulted in higher capital requirements and lower profit margins * Retained deals with Burger King and McDonald’s (the largest national account in terms of sales) * In 2009, New Freestyle soda machine which could create dozens of different kinds of custom beverages (Restaurants had to pay a 30% premium for freestyle compared to regular fountains)| Weaknesses| * Cola Wars weakened small independent bottlers * Production difficulties with non-CSDs * Additional bottling expenses through specialized production processes * Strained relationship with bottlers| Opportunities| * Further international extensions * Product innovation * Bottler process improvement through its consolidation| Threats| * Early 2000s consumption of CSD declined * By 2009, the average American drank 46 gallons of CSDs per year, the lowest since ‘89 * Starting in the late 90s America still dr ank more CSDs, than any other beverage but consumption started to decline * **Health concerns – growing linkage between issues of obesity and nutrition * In 2005, Federal nutrition guidelines identified regular CSDs as the larger source of obesity –causing sugars in the American Diet * Schools throughout the nation banned the sales of soft drinks on their premises * Several states pushed for soda tax on sugary drinks * Government study suggested that a 20% tax could cut the calorie intake from sugary drinks by up to 49 calories a day per person in the US * Tax on sodas became the new measure * Consumers started to view high fructose corn syrup as unnatural and unhealthy * 53% of Americans were concerned that the ingredient posed a health hazard in 2010 compared to 40% in 2004 * ***Coke’s annual report identified obesity and health concerns as the number one risk factor to its business * 80% of sales from international markets-serving over 200 countries * Limited pricing controls| Weighted SKF| | Coca-Cola| Pepsi| Strength Measure| I. M| S. R| Score| S. R| Score| Image/Reputation| . 15| 10| 1. 5| 9| 1. 35| Distribution Capacity| . 25| 10| 2. 5| 10| 2. 5| Financial Resources| . 15| 8| 1. 2| 7| 1. 05| Price| . 15| 6| . 9| 6| . 9| Marketing/Advertising| . 25| 10| 2. 5| 10| 2. 5| Acquisitions/Extensions| . 05| 10| . 5| 10| . 5| Sum of I. M| 1. 00| | Weighted Overall Strength| 54| 9. 1| 52| 8. 75| 1. Image/Reputation Coca-Cola – Market survey on brand loyalty indicate that more consumers preferred Coke over Pepsi as their favorite CSD brands in 2010. * Pepsi – Redesigned its logo in 2008 with a three year rebranding plan that could cost over $1 billion to rejuvenate its image. 2. Distribution Capacity * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both have around 100 plants for nationwide distribution with the capacity to serve the entire US. 3. Financial Resources * Coca-Cola – Net Profits/Sales: 22% * Pepsi – Net Profits/Sales: 13. 8 % 4. Price * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both engage in severe price wars to retain customers as their purchasing behaviour indicates no brand loyalty where they seek cheaper alternatives in the economic downturn Mass merchandisers use its power to exert pricing pressures Substantial rebates for corporate accounts 5. Marketing/Advertising * Coca-Cola – Spent 5540 million in marketing support for its top bottlers Patented unique skirt design became an American Icon. Its marketing campaign, â€Å"Real Coca-Cola taste with zero calories† was the most successful product launch that produced double digit growth * Pepsi â€Å"Pepsi Generation† marketing campaign, which targeted the young and â€Å"young at heart. † The campaign helped Pepsi narrow Coke’s lead to a 2-to-1 margin 6. Acquisitions/Expansions * Coca-Cola Pepsi – Both have formed alliances to incorporate their core competencies and expand into foreign markets

Civil Service Merit System Essays

Civil Service Merit System Essays Civil Service Merit System Essay Civil Service Merit System Essay At the beginning of the 21st century, civil service requires a qualified staff able to meet social demands and changes. To some extend, effective arrangements for governance within the civil service and between the civil services are fundamental elements of a democratic system of the government. In public administration, there are a range of changes from administrative matters in the way business is conducted in the civil service, to legislative changes that provide greater accountability and openness for the work of the civil service. Today, merit system is one of the main tools which help to ensure effective selection, promoting and appointing of staff. Merit system aims to â€Å"maintain high standards of integrity, conduct, and concern for the public interest† 1. In modern environment, the state merit system regulations, to conform with the standards, bar employees from participating in political activities except to express their views and cast their ballots as citizens. They also are to prohibit disqualification of persons from taking examinations or holding office because of political or religious opinions. State agencies are also required to prepare, adopt, install, and administer classification2 and compensation plans for all positions in the agency, such plans to be based upon investigation 1. Camoes, P. J. , Ruhil, A. What Lies Beneath: The Political Roots of State Merit Systems. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 13 (1), (2003): 27. 2. Merit System Principles. 2007. 04 June 2007 www. nhpa. org/Nine_Merit_Principles. ppt and analysis of the duties and responsibilities of each position. If the state agency wishes, its rules may provide that incumbents of positions at the time of the issuance of the standards may be given preference in the examinations to the extent of a waiver of minimum requirements of education and experience for admission to the examinations, and of retention if they receive a mere passing mark in the examination. The Department of Civil Service develops and proposes the following types of examination under the merit system: â€Å"open-competitive, promotion, transition, and continuous recruitment†. The Federal legislation underlines that vacancies are to be filled whenever practicable by promotion of a qualified permanent employee of the administrative agency upon recommendation by the agency head4. It is stated by the Board that the application of the standards will promote a career service A system of service ratings is to be maintained. Removal of permanent employees may take place only for cause, or for reasons of curtailment of work or lack of funds. In the event of removal permanent employees will have the right of appeal to an impartial body through an established procedure provided for in the merit system. According to standards developed by Career Mobile Office: â€Å"Open-competitive examinations are open to anyone who possesses the minimum qualifications as listed on the examination announcement. Promotion examinations are open to permanently appointed State employees. Transition examinations are open to permanently appointed State employees. Continuous Recruitment examinations may be either open-competitive or promotional† 5. _____________________ 3. â€Å"Employee Services’ 2007. New York State. 04 June 2007 careermobilityoffice. cs. state. ny. us/cmo/merit_system. htm 4. Dresang, Dennis L. Public Personal Management and Public Policy. (Longman. 2001) 193-194. 5. â€Å"Employee Services’ 2007. New York State. 04 June 2007 careermobilityoffice. cs. state. ny. us/cmo/merit_system. htm In many of the states, however, the general charge to set standards has resulted in plans at least for the development of a merit system of selection and in a few instances such systems have been adopted and examinations given. In some cases departments concerned see the need to establish such a system and are willing to begin, but have no money to finance examinations. The degree to which a state merit plan affecting public assistance personnel carries beyond the state staff depends upon a number of factors; the pattern is a different one for each state6. Among the determinants are the extent to which a state civil service law affects counties and cities; and to what extent and in relation to what factors state public assistance departments control local programs. Certain more or less autonomous local public assistance departments may come under a merit plan independently of the state situation if the county or municipality concerned has a local civil service commission which selects personnel in some or in all branches of local government 7. The influence of the local labor union within the relief agency, and of the more powerful parent groups behind it with which it is affiliated, has been a strong new force in advancing the spread of civil service coverage in certain jurisdictions.